Assistência de enfermagem na prevenção da pneumonia associada a ventilação mecânica: revisão narrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia infection is responsible for 30% to 42% of infections that occur in Intensive Care Units, increasing the probability of lethality to 46%, in addition to being linked to increased morbidity and costs on the system of health. Objective: To elaborate a synthesis of studies published in scientific journals that discuss nursing care in the prevention of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation. Methodology: This is a narrative review of the literature, referring to the period from 2018 to 2022, in Portuguese, using the Boolean operators AND and/or OR, in research on publicly accessible electronic sites: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Virtual Health Library (BVS), which includes the Latin American and Caribbean Literature database in Health Sciences (LILACS) and the Nursing Database (BDENF), Google Scholar and the Coordination of Improvement Journal Portal of Higher Education Personnel (Capes). Results: 668 articles were identified; after applying the screening and eligibility methods, 14 were included in this study. Discussion: The studies discussed highlight the importance and nursing care associated with the hospitalized critical patient who depends on mechanical ventilation. Final considerations: It was possible to identify the potential of preventive measures in relation to pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation, as well as the nurses' way of acting, in order to promote quality in care, with the expansion of knowledge through constant training.

KEYWORDS: Ventilator-associated pneumonia. Artificial respiration. Nursing care. Prevention.