A manifestação da Síndrome de Guillain-Barré como complicação pós infecciosa da Covid-19 em adultos: uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

Objective: To correlate neurological manifestations that fit the diagnoses of Guillain-Barré syndrome to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Bibliographic review: SARS-CoV-2 can induce direct and indirect damage, due to the immune response, in structures, especially the PNS, causing tissue damage (consequently, neural damage), inflammation and even autoimmunity. The extensive release of inflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV-2 infection may be part of the immunopathology behind the occurrence of GBS after Covid-19 infection. The molecular mimicry mechanism is described as the most likely in the genesis of GBS from Covid-19. This is because antibodies produced against glycoproteins present in the structure of SARS-CoV-2 can damage the host's peripheral nerves due to the similarity with native proteins. As a consequence, there is formation of self-reactive B and T cells. Thus, the antibodies formed cross-react and end up damaging the PNS cells. Final considerations: The inflammatory reaction and immune reaction of SARS-CoV-2 can trigger autoimmune syndromes such as GBS.