China: uma perspectiva da política externa para o modelo econômico nas eras Mao e Deng

Abstract

The objective of this monograph is to analyze the impact of foreign policy on the economic models adopted by the Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping governments. During both governments, the foreign policy adopted had a direct impact on the application of the economic models of each Chinese leader. The impact of foreign policy with the United States, the Soviet Union and the Third World had different effects on the two governments due to the choice of developing a rapprochement, or not, between the countries. The research is qualitative, based on the literature review and on the comparative method (or comparative policy), through which two variables are used for comparison: foreign policy (independent variable) and economic model (dependent variable). The first variable is measured by China's relations with the United States, the Soviet Union and the Third World, and the second by the economic policies adopted and foreign trade. Thus, it can be understood that although Mao opted for international isolation during most of his government, he presented policies such as the “normalization” of relations with the United States, designed the rapprochement with the Third World and used the rapprochement with the United States. the Soviets in the early years to acquire investment and knowledge to implement their economic model. Deng deepened the gains made by Mao's foreign policy and expanded his foreign policy, in which he established a peaceful and cooperative relationship with the United States, the Soviet Union and the Third World. Therefore, Deng presented a China with greater possibility of economic readjustments, when necessary, due to its relations with other countries, while Mao, for not being able to deepen his foreign policy, had a rigid economic model with few possibilities of readjustments, providing a less dynamic economic structure.