Violência obstétrica, uma questão de saúde pública: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction. In Brazil, women's health care was incorporated into health policies between the 1930s and 1970s, with the National Program for Maternal and Child Health, created between 1974 and 1978, whose ideological focus was on women in the reproductive process, covering aspects related to pregnancy and childbirth (BRASIL, 2011a). Goal. To describe potentiating actions in the fight against obstetric violence suffered by women in health services in Brazil, in the light of scientific publications on the subject from 2017 to 2021. Methodology. This is an integrative literature review, characterized as a method that provides the synthesis of knowledge and the incorporation of the applicability of results of significant studies in practice. This type of study is based on six phases that include: 1) Elaboration of the guiding question; 2) Search or sampling in the literature; 3) Data collection; 4) Critical analysis of included studies; 5) Discussion of results; 6) Presentation of the integrative review. Results and discussions. A total of 91 articles were found, 72 articles in LILACS, 67 articles in BDENF and 4 in PubMed/MEDLINE. After applying the selection filters, 07 articles fully met the inclusion criteria. The studies emphasized the meaning of obstetric violence for women, the factors associated with the humanization of care during the birth process, as well as the strategies to face this important public health problem. The results showed the occurrence of obstetric violence in the reality of health services and that it is related to the quality of care provided. It was also found that the change from the technocratic and interventionist model to humanized care is arduous and slow in Brazil, despite the initiatives contained in the legal framework on the subject. Conclusion. It was concluded that there is a need for greater investments, research, critical reflections and debates that involve the collective of training institutions, services and society, for the aggregation of skills that are capable of promoting the implementation of transformative and concrete actions in confronting obstetric violence in Brazil.