A vacinação contra Covid-19 no Brasil, estratégias e desafios na atenção primária: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction. COVID-19 is a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) caused by the new coronavirus named Sars-Cov-2, discovered in 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China. Due to its high transmissibility, a pandemic occurred, which we are still experiencing (BRASIL, 2021a). Objective. To describe strategies developed and the challenges faced in primary care, for the effectiveness of vaccination against COVID-19 in Brazil, in the light of scientific publications. Methodology. This is an integrative literature review, characterized as a method that provides the synthesis of knowledge and the incorporation of the applicability of results of significant studies in practice. This type of study is based on six phases that include: 1) Elaboration of the guiding question; 2) Search or sampling in the literature; 3) Data collection; 4) Critical analysis of included studies; 5) Discussion of results; 6) Presentation of the integrative review. Results and discussions. Three studies were included, covering Saudi Arabia, the United States and Brazil as the country of study. They highlighted the level of acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among nurses and the factors that contributed to the hesitation of vaccination against COVID-19 among nurses; the important components of a comprehensive and sustainable effort to immunize against COVID-19 and the perception of nurses working in Primary Health Care in Brazil, on the development of the vaccination campaign against COVID-19. The results found corroborate other publications, mentioning that even with the advances in the area of scientific knowledge and the reliability introduced by research in the production of immunobiologicals, there is still resistance in adherence to vaccination. It was found that the challenges observed in PHC included structural, logistical, operational aspects and stood out in terms of work processes and expected results from the measures implemented by the services. Conclusion. It was concluded that even with the vaccination campaigns and information about the vaccines that were produced, the number of people vaccinated could be higher, but the study pointed out that there is still a certain reluctance of some people to be vaccinated and that many challenges remain. in the PHC care routine.