Atuação fisioterapêutica para idosos com tontura na atenção primária: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Dizziness is the sensation that the individual has that he is rotating around the environment, or the environment is rotating around him, but there is rarely the sensation of tilting movements horizontally, ascending or descending. The main causes are unilateral lesion or dysfunction of the vestibular system, or of the vestibular portion of the VIII cranial nerve, dizziness can occur in people of any age. The physiotherapist is still being inserted in Basic Health Units (UBS), in primary care not only for the elderly, but for low-income families, with the work of prevention, rehabilitation and general health guidelines, with the function of preparing projects, programs and execute them in these family groups. The physiotherapist has the role of performing vestibular physiotherapy, encouraging the patient to perform head exercises for visual stabilization, increasing the vestibular-visual interaction during exercise, obtaining greater static and dynamic stabilization in moments of sensory conflict, reducing sensitivity individual during head movements. The aim of this study is to verify the level of scientific evidence on physical therapy activities for elderly people with dizziness in Primary Care. As for the methodology, an integrative review of articles chosen in the Virtual Health Library (BVS) and in the United States National Library of Medicine (PubMED) databases was carried out in February 2021, which underwent evaluation in the recommendations of the scale of PEdro, and it contains standardized forms, criteria for inclusion and exclusion using Relevance Test 1, which were applied to the titles and abstracts of articles and also Test and Relevance 2. After the tests, 5 studies investigating physical therapy performance for the elderly with dizziness in primary care were approved, containing data on authors, journal, year of publication, study site, objective(s), methods, results and main contributions, analyzed in this research. Research data showed that different methods and resources defined for the intervention were adopted, such as exercises with or without telephone support, guidance and face-to-face follow-up by physical therapists.