Os principais impactos ambientais na aviação: possíveis problemas e ações de mitigação

Abstract

This article aims to raise awareness in the community, in general, and those who deal with the aeronautical environment about the seriousness of the environmental impacts arising from pollution caused by aviation, more specifically by human activity in the environment, as well as about its mitigation and, in the last case, compensation for damages. For a broader understanding, it is important to highlight and answer questions such as: What are the oldest airports in Brazil and in the world? Do these airports fully meet the environmental requirements for operation? What are the consequences generated by the increase in the number of flights and how does this influence the environment? Data show that the movement trend in Brazilian airports is of continuous increase. Unfortunately, data collection was affected by the pandemic as routes were changed throughout 2020 and part of 2021. However, it was found that air pollution is mainly evidenced in the airports studied here, with 90% of human causes. As the most common problems, the following stand out: lack of management of waste generated in airport activities, poor sanitation, disposal of oil-based materials and effluents in inappropriate places and fauna attractive factors. In relation to aircraft, it was identified that the moment when there is greater emission of gases and noise pollution is on takeoff, when the engines are at full power. It is worth noting that there are some government programs created with the purpose of reducing the environmental impacts caused by aviation, of which the following stand out: Green Airports, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification, CORSIA and the RenovaBio biofuels policy. This study, therefore, is relevant as it points to the need to develop sustainable fuels to contribute to the reduction of carbon emissions, as well as the development of quieter, lighter and less gaseous engines. This research is characterized as basic, descriptive and qualitative and adopted the bibliographic procedure.