Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes com mieloma múltiplo submetidos ao transplante de medula óssea

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy and is characterized by neoplastic proliferation of clonal plasma cells that produce monoclonal immunoglobulins. MM is responsible for 1 to 1.8% of all cancers, the diagnosis is more frequent between the ages of 65 and 74 years and most patients have as first manifestation pathological fractures resulting from the infiltration of plasma cells in the bone or in other organs, such as the deposit of immunoglobulins in the kidney. Bone marrow transplant is one of the treatment options and its indication depends on factors such as MM staging. Thus, this study aimed to outline the clinical and epidemiological profile of individuals with multiple myeloma undergoing bone marrow transplantation, focusing on the factors that influence the survival of these patients. This is a retrospective analytical epidemiological study, in which the medical records of patients from a reference hospital for cancer care, in Goiânia, Goiás, were analyzed for the period 2000 to 2020. The identified epidemiological profile refers to, in mostly to male patients, with a mean age of 53.6 years who used, as infusion, bone marrow plasma cells and had a mean survival of 7.9 months after transplantation. When comparing the data with the literature, it is noted that most of the epidemiological profile agrees with the researched one, but there is a difficulty in finding national data on this topic. Thus, next studies should seek to identify, in a more solid way, the profile of patients with multiple myeloma in Brazil.