Análise epidemiológica de lesões em atletas profissionais de futebol em clubes de futebol de Goiânia GO

Abstract

Soccer is the most played sport in Brazil and in the world. Due to its competitiveness, it has demanded from athletes an increasingly intense physical conditioning. Those athletes who do not fit into this new reality have exposed their musculoskeletal structures to various injuries. It is known that one of the main problems that afflicts the professional soccer athlete is the osteomuscular injury, which is one of the causes of the athlete's departure from official matches, also compromising his welfare and quality of life. The study aimed to determine the epidemiological profile of musculoskeletal injuries in two football clubs in Goiás. It is characterized as an exploratory, descriptive and transversal study, with quantitative approach. A clinical and epidemiological profile of osteomuscular injuries in professional soccer athletes of football clubs of Goiânia-GO was collected. The study sample was composed by 42 professional athletes. A total of 71.43% athletes presented musculoskeletal injuries during the championship of the year 2019. The body with the highest incidence of injury was the thigh, with 30.0%. As for the type of injury, muscle stretching was the most frequent, affecting 28.58% of the players. The most common injury mechanism was indirect (without contact), with 60.0% and the direct mechanism (with contact) corresponded to 40.00% of musculoskeletal injuries. The advance of sports medicine has shown improvements in the knowledge of the physiology of physical effort, allowing individualized specific protocols, but these measures are not homogeneous among the clubs. Therefore, knowledge about prevalence, factors associated to osteomuscular injuries and their clinical and epidemiological profile is fundamental to make a proper diagnosis and propose measures/care needed to prevent injuries.