O aterro sanitário e o transbordo de Goiânia como atrativos de risco de fauna para o tráfego aéreo do Aeroporto Santa Genoveva

Abstract

Before the Federal Act No. 12,725 of 2012, Goiânia’s landfill and its transshipment area (landfill 2) were already built and in full operation. With its enactment, the responsibilities for managing solid waste underwent greater requirements, including those related to the distance between landfills and airports, stipulated in a 20 km radius, a space known as the Airport Security Area (ASA).On the other hand, sanitary landfills, when with the capacity to absorb demand at the limit or above it, can result in places to attract animals in search of food, especially vultures. These and other birds, when flying close to airports, can collide with aircraft. When found that the two Goiânia's landfills are part of the ASA (the landfill is 15.22 km from the airport and its transshipment is 12.5 km), this research aimed to verify whether they pose a bird strike hazard in the International Airport Santa Genoveva operations. Thus, using a basic nature, descriptive and qualitative methodology, as well as a documentary and bibliographic procedures, it is concluded that both the landfill and the transshipment have attracted animals, especially vultures, and that aircrafts may collide with them due the fact that some procedure exits by instruments are on the routes of these spaces. The most worrying thing about this finding is that landfills, created to offer an efficient way of disposing of solid waste, have not absorbed society's growing demand for waste production, which compromises its useful life. In this sense, it was reinforced that in Brazil there were 72.7 million tons of urban solid waste (USW) collected in 2019, of which only 60% were disposed of properly. In State terms, Goiás generated more than 2.5 million tons in 2019, the largest production in the Midwest region. In 2017, the Goiânia landfill was already operating above its absorption capacity – 70% more – and received, on average, 45 thousand tons of MSW/month. Among the irregularities observed in the landfill, the presence of vultures and the lack of adequate waste coverage stand out. It was also pointed out that in 2020, in Santa Genoveva Airport operations, 50 collisions with birds, six near collisions and 40 sightings were recorded, without, however, establishing the origin of these animals. One of the solutions suggested for the issue is the reorganization of the routes, which, however, does not resolve it definitively: the ideal path involves making everyone aware of the waste generation reduction and the selective separation habit. Finally, it is suggests a surveying the birds that populate the landfill in Goiânia in order to confirm their origin, considering that they are on a collision course with the aircraft that operate there, so it can contribute to the municipal project for transform the landfill into a Solid Waste Treatment and Final Disposal Center.