Tecnologia sustentável aplicada às aeronaves da aviação executiva: perspectivas para o Brasil

Abstract

The rising of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in atmosphere is a result of several sectors such as industry, transport and other economic activities, besides other anthropic actions. In air transport, the type of fuel used by most aircraft contributes to this increase. European Union studies from 2004 pointed out that 3% of CO2 emissions were the result of international aviation. The main contributor to these emissions is the aviation fuel originated from oil, widely adopted by all aviation segments. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the sustainable technologies used or about to be used in executive aviation aircraft that intend to transform it into a clean transport, as well as to verify the level of applicability of these technologies in this segment in Brazil. A descriptive and qualitative methodology of documentary and bibliographic procedures was adopted, from which it was possible to conclude that such technology in fuel composition is already a reality: the Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF). This compound is currently 50% cooking oil or palm oil and 50% fossil kerosene, which makes it less polluting. If the aviation fuel was 100% SAF, the reduction in CO2 emissions from aeronautical engine would be around 80%. To speed up the use of entire sustainable aviation fuel, Airbus, Roll-Royce and NESTE conducted tests with Pearl 700, fueled with 100% SAF; as a result, a 75% reduction in CO2 emissions has been proven, test that will adopted to obtain the corresponding certification. It was also found that current dosage of clean fuel (50%) can be used in transfer of some executive aviation aircraft in Brazil, such as Challenger 350 and 650, Global 7500, 6500 and 6000, Gulfstream G280, Beechcraft and Cessna. It was also shown that there are in progress some projects directed to sustainable aircraft, such as HyperStar, AS2, S-512, Celera 500L, Alice and eVTOL, with hybrids, gas and electric’s engines. It was also shown that there are in progress some projects directed to sustainable aircraft, such as HyperStar, AS2, S-512, Celera 500L, Alice and eVTOL, with hybrids, gas and electric engines. In addition, the first aircraft (Pipistrel Velis Electro) certified with an electric motor was homologated in 2020 and, although it is used in the air instruction, it points to the expectation that other segments may obtain the same certification. Finally, it is recommended that a mapping be done in the RAB of all aircraft used in executive aviation capable of using biofuel in order to verify how close Brazil is in direction of less polluting aviation.