Atuação fonoaudiológica na reabilitação de pessoas queimadas: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Objective: The general objective of this study was to investigate the phonoaudiological action in people with burns, in acute and late stages. The specific objectives were to understand the myofunctional alterations of the stomatognathic system due to burns, to investigate the therapeutic approaches used by the speech therapist in the care of these people and to verify its insertion in interprofessional teams. Method: integrative literature review. Results: The studies verified alterations in the functions of facial expression, swallowing, chewing, sucking, articulation, phonation, deficit in lip sensitivity, difficulty in access to perform oral and dental hygiene. There is still no evidence as to the best techniques to be adopted in speech therapy. The procedures adopted were active orofacial exercises; active exercises with assistance; digital manipulation techniques; dysphagia management; massage therapy; semi-occluded vocal tract exercises; adaptation of orthosis and laser therapy that can be adopted for rehabilitation. The studies point to the importance of care for burn patients, who must have a team nterdisciplinary specialized, working in an integrated and early manner to obtain aesthetic, functional-satisfactory results and reduce mortality. Conclusion: Speech therapy intervention favors the recovery of the burned person and helps to reduce subsequent sequelae in the acute and late phases of treatment, although there is still no evidence as to which are the best approaches. It is essential to include the professional speech therapist in the multidisciplinary rehabilitation team of burned patients, since the experience among the multidisciplinary team during the treatment period is of utmost importance to achieve the expected result.