Principais aspectos da pseudomonas aeruginosa: revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium, which has mobility from the monotricheal flagellum, does not form spores and is strict aerobics. This study aimed to describe the main aspects related to this agent, such as general characteristics, infections, and resistance, so the present study consisted of a narrative bibliographic review. This microorganism does not ferment carbohydrates; however, it is capable of producing cytochrome oxidase, arginine dehydrolase and ornithine decarboxylase. This bacillus has a cosmopolitan distribution, being found as an infectious agent both in communities and in hospitals, with the capacity to cause everything from superficial skin infections to fulminant sepsis. This bacterium is considered one of the most virulent pathogens in the Pseudomonadaceae family, due to its structural and secreted pathogenic components, in addition to its important characteristic of multidrug resistance to antimicrobials, associated with enzymatic and / or mutational mechanisms, such as production of antibiotic inactivating enzymes, low permeability of the outer membrane, overexpression of efflux pumps, loss of porins and the presence of penicillin-binding proteins. The laboratory diagnosis is based on the cultivation in appropriate medium, aspects of the colonies, morphotintorial and biochemical characteristics, production of fluorescent pigments, such as pyoverdine and pyocyanin, or even by immunological methods based on the search for specific antibodies. Due to its importance in public health as an agent that causes infections and a resistance profile, it is necessary to observe and use effective measures to prevent the transmission and control of diseases caused mainly by multidrug-resistant strains.