Rastreamento dos genes BRCA1 e BRCA2 e suas implicações terapêuticas no câncer de mama triplo negativo: revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract

Breast cancer represents one of the most prevalent and deadly neoplasms among women, requiring strategic public health interventions to mitigate its social and clinical impacts. This study aims to analyze the biological and epidemiological aspects of breast cancer in Brazil, highlighting the cellular mechanisms involved in tumor progression and the relevance of early screening. Methods: This is a narrative literature review focusing on cell cycle regulation, alterations in the synthesis phase (S phase), and regional disparities in access to diagnosis in the Brazilian context. Results: The literature indicates that tumor progression is closely associated with failures in cell replication checkpoints, favoring the disordered proliferation of atypical cells. From an epidemiological perspective, significant regional inequalities in disease incidence and mortality are observed, influenced by socioeconomic factors and barriers to healthcare access. However, the implementation of systematic screening programs demonstrates high efficacy in detecting subclinical lesions, significantly increasing cure rates and enabling less invasive therapeutic approaches. Conclusion: An integrated understanding of cell cycle molecular mechanisms combined with assertive regional screening strategies is essential to reduce mortality, optimize public health resources, and improve patient prognosis and quality of life.