Influência da intervenção fonoaudiológica no desfecho clínico da disfagia neonatal

Abstract

Introduction: Neonatal dysphagia compromises the coordination between sucking,swallowing,and breathing, affecting feeding and development. Prematurity, neurological immaturity, and oral-motor alterations increase the risk of feeding difficulties and aspiration. Early speech-language pathology intervention is essential to identify clinical signs and guide interventions that promote safe feeding. Objective: To analyze the influence of early speech-language pathology assessment on the outcomes of neonatal dysphagia. Method: This study is na integrative literature review with a qualitative approach, conducted in the BVS,PubMed,SciELO,LILACS,CAPES Portal, and Google Scholar databases. Studies publishe between 2015 and 2026 on neonatal dysphagia, early intervention, and neonatal speech-langusge pathology were selected, snd their data were descriptively analyzed. Results: One hundred one studies were identified, of which ten comprised the final sample after applying the inclusion and exclusin and exclusion criteria. Studies have shown that early speech-languagr therapy intervention promotes the development of oral feeding skills, improves nutritive and non-nutritive sucking, optimizes sucking-swallowing-brearhing coordination, and reduces the time required for the transition to solid food. Contributions to the establishment and maintenance of breastfeeding were also observed, as well as better clinical outcomes during neonatal hospitalizatioj. Prematurity, low birth weight, and neonatal dysphagia were highlighted as factors frequently associated with feeding difficulties. Conclusion: It ismconcluded that speech-language therapy intervention plays a fundamental role in the development of oral feeding skills in premature newborns, promoting sucking-swallowing-breathing coordination, the transition from tube feeding to oral feeding, and the establishment of breastfeeding. However, clinical outcomes also depend on other factors, such as clinical conditions, gestational age, and multidisciplinary care, highlighting the need for further research on the subject.