Fatores determinantes no desenvolvimento de lesões cutâneas de atletas de longas distâncias

Abstract

Introduction: Long-distance running has shown significant growth in recent years and is widely practiced due to the benefits it provides to physical and mental health. However, despite its positive effects, sports practice may also contribute to the development of skin injuries, especially due to continuous friction, mechanical overload, and biomechanical factors. Objective: To map the sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors that interfere in the development of skin injuries in longdistance athletes. Method: This is an narrative literature review conducted in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Google Scholar databases, using descriptors related to injuries, athletes, and street running. Six scientific articles published in Portuguese, available in full text and related to the proposed theme, were included. Results and discussion: The results showed a predominance of male athletes, as well as the influence of factors such as training intensity and frequency, mechanical overload, biomechanical alterations, inappropriate footwear, and lack of adequate recovery in the occurrence of injuries. A lack of information related to nutrition, hydration, sleep quality, medication use, and substance consumption was also observed, demonstrating important gaps in the scientific literature. Furthermore, there was limited scientific production specifically focused on nursing, despite the relevance of nurses’ performance in the prevention, assessment, and treatment of skin injuries in athletes. Conclusion: It is concluded that understanding the determining factors associated with the development of skin injuries in long-distance athletes is essential to support preventive strategies, strengthen evidence-based practice, and promote better quality of life and sports performance.