Perfil de reações adversas relacionadas ao uso de cefalosporinas em pacientes hospitalizados

Abstract

Cephalosporins are antibiotics widely used in the hospital setting due to their broad spectrum of action and effectiveness in the treatment of bacterial infections. However, despite their favorable safety profile, these drugs are associated with the occurrence of adverse reactions that may directly impact patients’ clinical outcomes. The present study aimed to analyze the profile of adverse reactions related to the use of cephalosporins in hospitalized patients. To this end, a literature review was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines, selecting studies published between 2019 and 2024 in national and international databases. The findings show that the most frequent adverse reactions are cutaneous and gastrointestinal, generally of mild to moderate intensity, such as skin rashes, urticaria, and diarrhea. However, severe events may also occur, including anaphylaxis and severe cutaneous reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Furthermore, the inappropriate use of these antimicrobials is associated with an increase in adverse reactions and bacterial resistance. Therefore, the importance of the rational use of cephalosporins, hospitalized patient monitoring, and the role of the clinical pharmacist in promoting therapeutic safety is emphasized.