Pinos biológicos como alternativa reabilitadora em odontopediatria

Abstract

Biological posts, manufactured from human teeth, represent an innovative, sustainable, and biomimetic alternative for the rehabilitation of severely compromised teeth due to caries or trauma, particularly in pediatric dentistry. This study conducted a literature review using PubMed, SciELO, and Bireme databases, covering the period from 2019 to 2024, aiming to describe the clinical applications, structural and functional advantages, and to discuss the technical, ethical, and biosafety challenges associated with this restorative approach. The findings demonstrate that biological posts exhibit physical and mechanical properties very similar to natural dentin, promoting superior adhesion to the remaining dental structure, uniform distribution of masticatory forces, and preservation of the tooth’s integrity. In addition to offering excellent aesthetics, biological posts are cost-effective and biocompatible, representing a promising clinical option, especially for socially and economically disadvantaged populations. However, several barriers remain to be overcome, including the need for compatible donor teeth, strict biosafety protocols for sterilization and storage, and ethical acceptance by professionals and patients. The establishment and regulation of human tooth banks are essential to ensure safety, traceability, and equitable access, reinforcing the importance of ethical education and biosafety awareness in dental practice. In conclusion, biological posts constitute a viable and effective restorative alternative in modern restorative dentistry, with particular relevance to pediatric applications. Their wider adoption depends on the development of standardized protocols, public awareness campaigns on tooth donation, and further research aimed at improving materials and techniques. Thus, biological posts stand out as an ethically sound, sustainable, and socially valuable innovation for functional and esthetic dental rehabilitation.