Inventário florestal e palinológico em sítio arqueológico do Brasil central

Abstract

Archaeological sites face significant threats due to the expansion of agriculture and livestock farming over the Cerrado, now restricted to narrow strips of remaining vegetation. Palynological research provides a systemic view of plant diversity and contributes to the analysis of anthropogenic processes. Forest inventories combined with the characterization of pollen spectra in regions containing archaeological sites are essential for the conservation of native vegetation and the protection of shelters. This study aimed to conduct palynological identification and a forest inventory in the area of an archaeological site in the Serranópolis region, in southwestern Goiás. It sought to understand the relationship between native vegetation and the current anthropization of the area surrounding the site. In the forest inventory, 174 trees were measured, distributed across 21 families, totaling 38 species. In the palynological survey, 600 pollen types were recorded, belonging to 14 botanical families. The families Fabaceae and Malvaceae were found in both the pollen rain samples and the forest inventory; 11 pollen types/botanical families were detected exclusively in the pollen rain, whereas 18 families were identified solely through the forest inventory.