Avaliação de polimorfismos genéticos da resposta imunitária nos genes CD209 e Interferon gama em indivíduos com sinais e sintomas para dengue no município de Goiânia, Goiás.

Abstract

Dengue is an arbovirus disease of high epidemiological relevance, especially in tropical and subtropical regions, caused by a virus of the Flaviviridae family and transmitted mainly by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Its spread is related to environmental, structural, and social factors, such as disorderly urbanization, lack of basic sanitation, and socioeconomic vulnerability. The dengue virus (DENV) has five serotypes and several genotypes, with a positive RNA genome that encodes structural and non-structural proteins essential for its replication and evasion of the immune system. Viral genetic diversity contributes to the clinical complexity of the disease, especially in secondary infections, in which the Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) phenomenon can intensify the severity of the clinical picture. The immune response to DENV involves dendritic cells, cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and host genetic factors, which modulate susceptibility or protection against infection. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with the variability of this response, influencing the intensity of symptoms and clinical evolution. In this study, we investigated the association between SNPs rs4804803 (CD209) and rs2069727 (IFN-γ) with the clinical manifestation of dengue in individuals residing in Goiânia, Goiás. The results indicated a predominance of the rs2069727 T allele in the groups analyzed, while the rs4804803 G allele was more frequent in the control group. Individuals with the TT and CT genotypes had a higher frequency of inflammatory symptoms, while the GG genotype was less present in the clinical expression of the disease. Genotypic analysis proved to be a promising tool for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of dengue. Despite these findings, the study had important limitations, such as the small sample size and the absence of more robust statistical analyses. This reinforces the need for future investigations with greater population representativeness and more refined analytical approaches.