Interleucina 8 e sua relevância na gravidade da dengue:uma revisão sistemática.

Abstract

Dengue is an arbovirus transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is a vector distributed in countries with tropical and subtropical climates such as Brazil. The dengue virus (DENV) belongs to the Flaviviridae family and the Flavivirus genus, with five serotypes, DENV-1 to DENV-5, of which DENV-5 does not circulate in Brazil and constitutes a serious global public health problem. Its immunopathogenesis is complex, involving a network of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that modulate clinical severity. Among these cytokines is interleukin-8 (IL-8), which plays a central role in the immune response, as it acts as a chemokine responsible for attracting defense cells and amplifying the inflammatory response to the site of infection. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature exploring the role of IL-8 in dengue severity and analyze its clinical implications in dengue progression. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA protocol in the PubMed, Scielo, and BVS databases, covering the period from 2015 to 2025, and in the end, only nine articles met the established criteria, which related IL-8 to DENV infection. The results showed that IL-8 is elevated in severe cases of the disease, associated with manifestations such as hemorrhage, plasma leakage, and neurological complications. Furthermore, its synergistic action with other pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, intensifies the imbalance of the immune response. IL-8 plays an important role in the progression of dengue, with a direct association with the severity of cases and a potential contribution to improving clinical understanding and monitoring of the disease. It is therefore concluded that IL-8 occupies a prominent position in the immunopathogenesis of dengue and that its investigation may contribute to the development of more effective diagnostic, monitoring, and clinical management strategies.