Atributos físico-químico-hídricos em área de arroz irrigado via pivô central

Abstract

Rice cultivation is an option for crop rotation in central pivot areas, considering its direct benefits to the soil and indirect benefits for pest and disease management in subsequent crops. For this reason, the objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical and physical composition of the soil and water management in a central pivot area in the municipality of Itaberaí (GO). Chemical soil attributes were analyzed before and after cultivation, along with the uniformity of the applied water depth, the water infiltration rate in two pivot areas, and productive variables such as thousand-grain weight (TGW) and yield (kg ha⁻¹). The experiment was conducted in a total area of 52 hectares irrigated by a central pivot. For the evaluations, the pivot was divided into two areas corresponding to the upper and lower parts of the irrigated field. The results of the chemical analysis, when compared before and after the experiment, were mathematically higher for some chemical elements, such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K), in addition to organic matter (OM) content. Infiltration showed greater variability in Area 01 and a more uniform pattern in Area 02, reflecting structural differences in the soil. Overall uniformity was classified as excellent by the CUC (91.37%), although the CUD/CUE (62.51%) revealed deficient sectors. The TGW averaged 25.67 g, within the expected range for irrigated rice; however, yield (3,000 kg ha⁻¹) was below national averages for irrigated systems, demonstrating the influence of structural and operational limitations in water management. It is concluded that adjustments to the pivot and targeted soil interventions can improve irrigation efficiency and productive performance.