https://repositorio.pucgoias.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/75 Tue, 22 Sep 2026 23:40:21 GMT 2026-09-22T23:40:21Z https://repositorio.pucgoias.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/9876 Título: O telescópio espacial James Webb: física e possibilidades didáticas para o ensino médio Abstract: This undergraduate thesis investigates the physical principles that enable the operation of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), highlighting its optical, thermal, and orbital fundamentals. The research presents a theoretical review covering everything from celestial mechanics of Lagrange points to blackbody radiation and the operation of the scientific instruments that make up the observatory. In parallel, it discusses the relevance of infrared radiation for observing cold objects, distant galaxies, and phenomena of the early Universe, highlighting the advancements of the JWST compared to previous telescopes such as Hubble and Spitzer. Beyond the scientific foundation, the work develops a pedagogical proposal aimed at high school students, structured in three lessons that explore real images, comparisons between telescopes, simple experiments, and calculations involving distance and the speed of light. The teaching sequence is based on the Brazilian National Curriculum (BNCC) and seeks to promote meaningful learning, using visual resources and conceptual analogies to connect astrophysics to the student's daily life. The application of the proposal resulted in a good understanding of the basic concepts related to the electromagnetic spectrum, infrared radiation, and the functioning of telescopes, as demonstrated by the questionnaires and the active participation of the students. Finally, the work culminates in a proposed teaching sequence aligned with the BNCC (Brazilian National Curriculum Base), demonstrating how the fascination with JWST (Jet-Wide Telescope Science) can be used to introduce physics concepts. Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso Tue, 09 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.pucgoias.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/9876 2025-12-09T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.pucgoias.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/9868 Título: O plano inclinado como ferramenta investigativa: uma sequência didática para a aprendizagem significativa da cinemática e dinâmica no ensino médio Abstract: The teaching of Physics in basic education faces the challenge of overcoming rote learning disconnected from reality. This work investigates the contributions of using a low-cost inclined plane for teaching Kinematics, from the perspective of David Ausubel's Theory of Meaningful Learning and Galileo Galilei's experimental method. The research adopted a mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) case study approach, conducted with high school students. The didactic intervention followed a structured sequence: assessment of prior knowledge, historical-theoretical contextualization, investigative experimentation, and systematization. Data were collected through questionnaires (pre- and post-test), field notes, and analysis of experimental activities. The results indicated that experimentation, when articulated with the history of science, acts as an effective advance organizer, facilitating the transition from intuitive Aristotelian conceptions to a Newtonian understanding of motion. It can be concluded that the inclined plane, more than a demonstration tool, served as a cognitive instrument capable of promoting the progressive differentiation of the concepts of speed and acceleration, favoring meaningful learning. Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso Tue, 09 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.pucgoias.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/9868 2025-12-09T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.pucgoias.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/9660 Título: Reatores nucleares e o acidente de Chernobyl Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso Tue, 09 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.pucgoias.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/9660 2025-12-09T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.pucgoias.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/9659 Título: Reatores nucleares e o acidente de Chernobyl Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso Tue, 09 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.pucgoias.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/9659 2025-12-09T00:00:00Z