https://repositorio.pucgoias.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/43 2026-09-23T15:31:22Z https://repositorio.pucgoias.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/11166 Título: Avaliação das atividades citotóxica e genetóxica do peumus boldus utilizando como modelo experimental o teste allkium cepa Abstract: Peumus boldus Molina (boldo), commonly known as Chilean boldo, is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine, particularly for its digestive and hepatoprotective properties. Despite its traditional use, toxicological safety assessment is essential to support the rational consumption of herbal preparations. This study aimed to evaluate the potential cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of an aqueous infusion of Peumus boldus using the Allium cepa bioassay as an experimental model. Allium cepa bulbs were initially germinated in distilled water and subsequently exposed to Chilean boldo infusion at concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/dL, with distilled water used as the negative control and colchicine as the positive control. After the experimental period, the roots were collected, fixed, stained with 2% acetic orcein, and analyzed by optical microscopy. Mitotic index, cell-cycle phases, chromosomal aberrations, and nuclear abnormalities were evaluated. The negative control showed a mean mitotic index of 14.82%, whereas the groups treated with 2.5 and 5.0 mg/dL showed mitotic indices of 11.4% and 12.66%, respectively, exhibiting a biological response similar to that of the negative control. In contrast, the positive control showed marked mitotic arrest. No relevant increase in chromosomal aberrations or nuclear abnormalities was observed in the groups treated with the plant infusion. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant difference among the experimental groups, mainly attributable to the response of the positive control. Under the experimental conditions evaluated, the aqueous infusion of Peumus boldus at concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/dL showed low cytotoxicity and no significant evidence of genotoxic activity in the Allium cepa model. Further studies using different concentrations and experimental models are recommended to provide a more comprehensive characterization of its toxicological safety. Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 2026-05-27T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.pucgoias.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/11165 Título: Revisão sistemática sobre a aplicação do método diagnóstico CATSA e a avaliação das sequelas da sobrecarga de ferro em pacientes com beta Abstract: Introduction: β-thalassemia is an inherited hemoglobin disorder characterized by reduced or absent synthesis of β-globin chains, resulting in ineffective erythropoiesis, hemolysis, and anemia of varying severity. In patients receiving recurrent blood transfusions, iron overload represents a major complication and may lead to cardiovascular, hepatic, and endocrine impairment. In this context, advanced molecular methods, such as the Comprehensive Analysis of Thalassemia Alleles (CATSA), have expanded the ability to identify rare variants and complex genotypes. Objective: To analyze, through a systematic review, the application of CATSA and other diagnostic methods in β-thalassemia, considering their contribution to the molecular characterization of the disease, clinical management, and assessment of complications associated with iron overload. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using scientific databases and included original articles and case reports published between 2020 and 2025. Hematological, biochemical, and molecular approaches were analyzed, as well as parameters related to sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, benefits, limitations, and laboratory feasibility of the diagnostic methods. The selection process resulted in the inclusion of 10 studies. Results: The analyzed evidence indicated that molecular methods, particularly CATSA, provide an enhanced ability to identify rare genetic variants and complex genotypes compared with conventional diagnostic approaches. Molecular characterization may contribute to clinical decision-making regarding blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy, and prevention of complications. The review also highlighted the importance of early diagnosis and genetic counseling, as well as sex-related differences in iron overload and treatment response. However, high costs, the need for specialized infrastructure, and the availability of trained professionals remain important limitations to CATSA implementation. Conclusion: CATSA represents a promising strategy for improving the molecular diagnosis of β-thalassemia, particularly in cases involving rare variants or complex genotypes. Its integration with conventional hematological and biochemical methods may improve diagnostic accuracy and support individualized clinical management. Nevertheless, widespread implementation will require overcoming economic, structural, and laboratory barriers. Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 2026-05-27T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.pucgoias.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/11164 Título: Revisão narrativa sobre os desafios da Hemofilia no Brasil: diagnóstico, tratamento e políticas públicas Abstract: Introduction: Hemophilia is a hereditary coagulopathy characterized by a deficiency in Factor VIII (Hemophilia A) or Factor IX (Hemophilia B), resulting in recurrent hemorrhagic episodes and the risk of disabling joint complications. Despite advances in clinical management, challenges persist regarding timely diagnosis, access to treatment, and the organization of care within the Brazilian public health system. Objective: To understand, based on scientific literature, the primary challenges related to the diagnosis of hemophilia in Brazil, considering their implications for treatment and public health policies. Methodology: This is a narrative literature review conducted through searches in scientific databases using the descriptors: hemophilia, diagnosis, and public policies. Portuguese-language studies were selected, with an emphasis on recent publications related to the Brazilian context. Results: Studies indicate that the diagnosis of hemophilia still occurs late in many cases, mainly due to limitations in access to specialized laboratory tests and regional inequalities in service provision. Treatment based on clotting factor replacement, especially in prophylactic form, shows significant progress; however, it still faces challenges such as the development of inhibitors, high therapy costs, and technological dependence. Discussion: The findings highlight that difficulties in diagnosis and treatment are linked to the organization of health services and structural inequalities within the system, impacting access, continuity of care, and the patients' quality of life. Conclusion: Although there have been advances in hemophilia care in Brazil, structural, economic, and social barriers persist, compromising early diagnosis and adequate treatment. It is necessary to strengthen public policies, expand access to specialized services, and invest in health education to promote more equitable care. Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 2026-05-27T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.pucgoias.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/11161 Título: Análise da situação da Atenção Primária à Saúde no município de Trindade-GO: evolução da cobertura assistencial e contribuições para a gestão em saúde Abstract: Primary Health Care (PHC) is the main gateway to the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) and plays a fundamental role in health promotion, disease prevention, and care coordination. This study aimed to analyze the situation of Primary Health Care in the municipality of Trindade, Goiás, through the evaluation of health coverage and the identification of strategies aimed at strengthening health services. This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, based on secondary public-access data obtained from the e-Gestor Primary Care system and other official databases of the Ministry of Health. The data were organized into electronic spreadsheets and analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, averages, and percentages for indicator interpretation. The results showed that the municipality maintained high PHC coverage rates throughout most of the analyzed period, especially between 2001 and 2019, when coverage levels remained close to 100%. However, a progressive reduction in coverage was observed in recent years, decreasing from approximately 93% in 2021 to about 81% in 2024. The findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring of health indicators and the strengthening of planning and territorial organization strategies within health services. It is concluded that health situation analysis is an important tool to support evidence-based management, contributing to the improvement of Primary Health Care and the expansion of population access to health services. Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 2026-06-24T00:00:00Z